Experience from Using HemoCue® WBC DIFF System
During the last years, HemoCue® WBC DIFF System has been used as a tool for infection management, to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections. As the white blood cell count increases rapidly, it gives a clear indication even in early phases of infection when other markers e.g. CRP (C-reactive protein) might not be as indicative. Especially in pediatric patients, CRP often gives results that do not enable physicians to make conclusive decisions [4]. Therefore, having a white blood cell count from a capillary sample is very useful in this patient group. In addition to infection management, the HemoCue® WBC DIFF System is also used as a tool to obtain a general status of a patient’s bone marrow where the results can support in ruling out serious conditions.
In Current Situation with COVID-19 Outbreak - What Are the Main Challenges with Running a Primary Care Centre?
Current situation with COVID-19 outbreak has put a lot of pressure on the healthcare system. There is still a need for being able to treat patients with common diseases such as e.g. upper respiratory infection, common cold or flu and otitis. At the same time, the primary care centres also need to offer healthcare to patients with COVID-19, without putting other patients at risk for spreading the infection. In order to meet these needs, a special temporary unit has been created for patients with suspicious COVID-19. This temporary unit has been equipped with basic point-of-care tests including Hb, glucose and blood pressure.
Early on, it was also clear that HemoCue® WBC DIFF System would be very useful in this unit. As mentioned above, Husläkarna Varmbadhuset has used the white blood cell count as a tool to help distinguish between bacterial and viral infections. Interestingly for the current situation, studies have shown that patients with more severe cases of COVID-19, have decreased number of lymphocytes, referred to as lymphycytopenia (<1.5x109/L) [1]. Studies have also concluded that surveillance of the ratio between neutrophils and lymphocytes could be helpful in the early screening of the critical illness COVID-19 [2].
Overall, the HemoCue® WBC DIFF System is Really Helpful for Infection Management
In many cases, symptoms of bacterial and viral infections may be very similar. This can make it difficult for the physician to know whether the prescription of antibiotics is efficient or not. In these cases, results from HemoCue® WBC DIFF system in combination with other clinical symptoms may enable a more correct and judicious prescription of antibiotics. This is beneficial, not only for the patients but also for the society overall, since antibiotic resistance has increasingly become a problem during the last decades due to overuse of antibiotics[3].
Global reports estimate that the burden of deaths related to antimicrobial resistance could increase to 10 million each year by 2050 if no further actions are taken. Rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests are a central part of the solution to this problem, which would be able to reduce use of antibiotics by letting doctors know if a patient has an infection and if this infection is viral or bacterial, meaning that antibiotics will only be prescribed to patients who need them [3].
REFERENCES
1) W. Guan et al., Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. The New England Journal of Medicine 2020, Feb 28.
2) Qin C. et al., Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clinical Infectious Disease 2020, Mar 12.
3) Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendations. Review on antimicrobial resistance, Chaired by Jim O’Neill May 2016.
4) Master Thesis in Medicine, Point-of-care test of leucocytes with differential count in primary care in relation to antibiotic prescribing. University of Copenhagen Department of Public Health, August 2017.